Heat oven to 375°F and line a large sheet pan with parchment paper.
Grate butter and cheddar into a small bowl, then place in the freezer.
Combine flour, sugar, baking powder, garlic powder, and salt in a large bowl.
Add the frozen butter and cheese and coat in flour. Mix with your hands until the dough becomes like sand.
Add 1/2 cup buttermilk and mix lightly. Then, add rest of the buttermilk, scallions, and sour cream and gently combine.
Dump crumbly dough onto work surface. Bring together into a rough square.
Using a bench scraper, create 2 layers and press one gently on top of the other. Repeat 2-3 times until dough is no longer crumbly.
Form into a thick square. Cut into 9 equal square biscuits and transfer to a parchment paper-lined baking sheet.
Chill for at least 30 minutes. Top each with a teaspoon of buttermilk and a generous shake of everything bagel seasoning.
Bake for 25 - 35 minutes until golden and flakey.